初中英语知识点：祈使句的分类及应用（一）

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    一般祈使句

　　句型［（呼语），（Don't）动词原形+（宾语）+其他］

　　1.    Study, study and once more study.  2. Working men of all countries, unite!

　　3.  Learn from comrade Lei Feng.  4. Don't forget it.   5. Come here.

　　6.  Stop crying and wipe away your tears.

　　句型［（Don't）Be+表语+（其他）］

　　1.    Be red and expert.  2. Be brave, don't be afraid.  3. Don't be shy!

　　4.    Be careful, when cross the street.  5. Be an honest person, speak and act honestly.

　　3.    Don't be afraid, speak out.

　　句型［Get+过去分词/副词虚助词+（其他）］

　　1.    Get organized!  2. Get done with it.  3. Get away!  4. Get along with you.

　　5.    Get out of here.  6. Get back.

　　[附注] 祈使句一般不用主语，如系多数人而须指示任务时可以有主语，这个主语相当于呼语。如：

　　1. You talk; we have heard enough from the others.

　　2. Everybody shut their eyes.

　　3. You sweep the floor, Xiao Wang; you clean the desks, Xiao Li, and others fetch water.

　　其次，大人对孩子说话，或含有急躁、厌烦等情绪， 也可加主语you

　　1. Now you listen to me.  2. You must not talk so loud!

　　3. Now you get a bit of paper and write down.  4. Your mind your own business!

　　第三，当句中的副词虚助词在句首时，须用主语，如：In you go! (=Go in, please.)

    强语势祈使句

句型62［（肯定句）Do +动词原形+（其他）］/［(否定句) Never+动词原形+（其他）］

1.    Do tell me!  2. Do be careful!  3. Do come!  4. Do stay with us!  5. Never tell a lie.

6.    Never stand right in the middle of your work.

7.    Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

句型［No/None of+名词！］

1.    No falsehood! Our strength lies in stating the truth.

2.    The King said: "he has studied too much, No books and no teachers any more!...

3.    None of your little games!  4. None of your nonsense!  5. None of your impudence

[注1] no是泛指，none所指有一定的范围

[注2] 旧时有用for God's sake或for goodness' sake等来加强语气的。For God's sake don't fire that gun!
 

　　委婉祈使句

句型［Please+动词原形+（其他）］

1.    Please pass me the dictionary.  2. Lend me your knife, please.

3.  Don't stand please on ceremony.  4. Move along, please.  5.  Please help yourself!

[注] 文学作品中please可用pray替代，如：1. Pray go home.  2. Pray, go on with your next story.

句型［Will you/ Won't you/ Would you+动词原形+（其他）］

1.    Will you come here? (= Please come here.) 2. Will you do the beds, while I do the windows?

3.  Help me with this luggage, will you?  4. Won't you stay a little longer?

5.  Won't you have some more?  6. "Would you do me a favor?" - "Why, of course."

7.  Would you like another drink?  8. Would you kindly show me the way?

[注] 疑问句的祈使句还有 could, can, may, might, 如：Could you lend me five shillings until tomorrow?

Might (May) I borrow your pen (for) a moment?

句型［Would you mind (not) +动名词+（其他）］/ ［Do you mind (not) +动名词+（其他）］

1.    "Would (或Do) you mind lending me your dictionary?"-"Certainly not."

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